( One of the most scenic railways in the world spans Iran.)īorn in Kharkiv, Ukraine, Ghirshman emigrated following the Russian Revolution of 1917 and established a career in archaeology in France. The newly appointed head of the French archaeological delegation in Iran, Roman Ghirshman, would now continue the excavations at the site. More than a decade would pass before work finally resumed.
In 1939 the outbreak of World War II suspended the work of the French archaeologists at Chogha Zanbil and the mother site at Susa. Historians do not know if Chedorlaomer was a historical figure, but the biblical references reflect Elam’s regional importance. A king of Elam in Genesis (14:1) is named as Chedorlaomer, and according to tradition ruled Elam and the wider region at the same time as the Sumerian king Hammurabi, in the 18th century B.C. The name Elam fell into popular use when archaeologists adopted the Hebrew term from the Old Testament, in which there are numerous references to the kingdom. The people of this region called themselves the Hatami. Buried near the ziggurat, it was unearthed in the 20th century. Although the site was looted in the mid-seventh century B.C., the silver-alloy axe was not taken. Topped by a boar, the handle is shaped like a lion’s head, and the blade emerges from its mouth. Elamite artisans were famed for ceremonial weapons, used either as royal gifts to favored subjects or as votive offerings to the gods. "I, King Untash-Naprisha" is inscribed along the blade of an axe from Chogha Zanbil, now displayed in the Louvre Museum, Paris.
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